Although earthquakes are unavoidable and uncontrollable at present, as long as we master some skills, we can minimize the damage from disasters.

　　For the personal safety of yourself and your family, please hide under the table and other solid furniture.

　　The big shaking time is about 1 minute. This is the first thing that should be taken into account is the personal safety of yourself and your family. First, hide under a solid table with a low center of gravity, and hold the legs of the table tightly. In places where there is no table to hide, protect your head with cushions and other things anyway.

　　2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately when there is a fire.

　　When there is a big earthquake, there will also be cases where you can’t rely on fire engines to put out the fire. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off the fire and put out the fire are an important factor in whether the earthquake disaster can be controlled to a minimum.

　　Get into the habit of turning off the fire even if it is a small earthquake.

　　In order not to make the fire a disaster, it goes without saying that it is extremely important for the family to help each other and put out the fire early.

　　During the earthquake, there are three chances to turn off the fire.The first chance is when the big shake comes before the small shake.

　　At the moment of perceiving small shaking, they immediately greeted each other: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc.

　　Second chance when the big shake stops

　　It is very dangerous to turn off the fire when there is a big shaking, and the kettle placed on the gas stove and heating stove slides down.

　　After the big shaking stopped, he shouted again: "Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire! " And turn off the fire.

　　The third chance is after the fire.

　　Even if there is a fire, it can be put out within 1-2 minutes. In order to put out the fire quickly, please always place the fire extinguisher and fire bucket near the fire place.

　　Don’t run outdoors in a panic.

　　After the earthquake, it is very dangerous to run out in a panic, and broken glass, tiles on the roof, billboards, etc. fall and hit you. In addition, cement prefabricated walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don’t get close to these objects.

　　4. Open the door and ensure the exit.

　　Houses with reinforced concrete structures, etc., have been locked in the house because of the dislocation of doors and windows caused by the shaking of earthquakes. Please open the door and ensure the exit.

　　Usually, you should think about how to escape in case you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders and ropes.

　　5. In outdoor situations, protect your head and avoid dangerous places.

　　When the earth shakes violently and stands unsteadily, people will have the psychology of leaning and grasping something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the objects of support. However, these seemingly solid things are actually dangerous.

　　During the undersea earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan in 1987, many people were killed or injured due to the collapse of precast concrete walls and doorposts. Be sure not to get close to cement precast slab walls, doorposts, etc.

　　In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that glass windows, billboards and other things fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags.

　　In addition, you should also pay attention to the vending machine tipping over and hurting people.

　　In the building area, according to the situation, it is safer to enter the building to avoid.

　　6. In department stores and theaters, follow the instructions of the staff.

　　In department stores, underground streets and other places where there are many people, the most terrible thing is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security personnel.

　　As far as earthquakes are concerned, it is said that underground streets are relatively safe. Even if there is a power failure, the emergency lighting will come on immediately. Please take action calmly.

　　In case of fire, it will be filled with smoke immediately. Take refuge in a posture of lowering your body, and do not smoke at all.

　　If you take the elevator

　　In case of earthquake or fire, you can’t use the elevator. In case of an earthquake when you take the elevator, press all the buttons on each floor of the operation panel. Once you stop, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety.

　　Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control operation. When an earthquake happens, it will automatically stop at the nearest floor.

　　If you are locked in the elevator, please contact the management room through the dedicated telephone in the elevator for help.

　　7. Cars are parked by the roadside, and driving is prohibited in the controlled area.

　　In the event of a major earthquake, the car will be like a flat tire, unable to grasp the steering wheel and difficult to drive. You must pay full attention to avoid the intersection and stop the car by the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, we should give way to the middle part of the road.

　　Most roads in the downtown area will be completely closed. Pay full attention to the car radio broadcast. If there is a policeman nearby, you should follow his instructions.

　　When it is necessary to take refuge, in order not to get involved in the fire, please close the window, put the car keys in the car, don’t lock the door, and act with the local people.

　　8. Be sure to pay attention to landslides, falling rocks or tsunamis.

　　On the hillside and steep slope, there is a danger of landslides and falling rocks, so you should take refuge in a safe place quickly.

　　On the coast, there is a danger of encountering a tsunami. If you feel an earthquake or send out a tsunami warning, please pay attention to the information on the radio and TV and take refuge in a safe place quickly.

　　9. When taking refuge, you should walk, and your belongings should be kept to a minimum.

　　When the fire caused by the earthquake spreads and burns, and life and personal safety are in danger, take refuge measures. In principle, people’s disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc. should be taken as the unit to take refuge on foot under the leadership of the person in charge and the police, and the articles carried should be at a minimum. Never take refuge by car or bicycle.

　　The cooperation and mutual assistance of local residents is indispensable for the refuge of patients. From normal times, it is necessary for neighbors to agree on the way of refuge in advance.

　　10. Don’t listen to rumors and don’t act rashly.

　　In the event of a major earthquake, people are easily shaken psychologically. In order to prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information.

　　Grasp the correct information from the portable radio, etc. Trust the information directly obtained from the government, police, fire prevention agencies, and never trust irresponsible gossip, and don’t act rashly.

　　How to protect yourself in public places

　　When encountering an earthquake in a public place where people gather, it is most taboo to panic, otherwise it will lead to disorder and mutual squeezing, which will lead to casualties, and should be quickly evacuated from multiple intersections in an organized manner.

　　1. If you encounter an earthquake in theaters, gymnasiums, etc., you should be calm and calm, especially when there is power failure on the spot. Don’t yell and scream, and don’t crowd and hug. You should squat down or hide under the row chairs, pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans, and protect your head with leather bags. After the earthquake, listen to the staff and evacuate in an organized way.

　　2. During the earthquake, when you are in a shopping mall, bookstore, exhibition hall, etc., you should choose a solid counter, goods (such as low furniture, etc.) or pillars, and squat down on the spot at the inner corner, protect your head with your hands or other things, avoid glass doors and windows and glass windows, or squat down in the passage, wait for the earthquake to subside, and evacuate in an orderly manner.

　　3. Students in class should hold their heads and close their eyes quickly under the command of the teacher, and never run around or jump off a building. After the earthquake, they should leave the classroom in an organized way and go to the nearest open area for shock absorption.

　　4. The stadium where the competition is going on should immediately stop the competition, stabilize the mood of the audience, prevent chaos and crowding, and evacuate to the outside of the stadium in an organized and step-by-step manner.

　　The third batch of reform provinces released the college entrance examination reform plan, which was implemented by the students who entered senior one last fall.

　　CCTV News:Yesterday, the third batch of eight provinces in China started the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination — — Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Chongqing have issued implementation plans, which will be implemented from the first-year high school students who entered school in the fall of 2018. What are the highlights of the plans announced by the eight provinces and cities this time? Let’s take a look.

　　All eight provinces and cities were adjusted to "3+1+2" mode.

　　According to the announced implementation plan, eight provinces and cities will implement the "3+1+2" model. That is, "3" is the national unified examination subject Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages, which all students must take; "1" is the preferred subject, and candidates must choose one of the physics and history subjects in the high school level examination; "2" is a re-selected subject, and candidates can choose two of the four subjects of chemistry, biology, ideology and politics and geography.

　　The full score of each selected subject is 100 points.

　　From 2021, the total scores of new college entrance examination candidates in 8 provinces and cities are composed of unified college entrance examination subjects and academic level examination subjects, with a perfect score of 750 points. Among them, the original scores of unified college entrance examination subjects such as Chinese, mathematics and foreign language use are included in the total score of candidates, with a perfect score of 150 points for each subject. In the selected subjects, the original scores of physics or history are included in the total scores of candidates, with a perfect score of 100 points for each subject; The two subjects independently selected by candidates in ideological politics, geography, chemistry and biology will be included in the total score of candidates after being graded, with a perfect score of 100 points for each subject.

　　How to assign points to selected subjects?

　　For example, candidate A chose ideological and political education and candidate B chose chemistry, both of which scored 80 points. Candidate A ranked 100th among all the ideological and political education candidates, and candidate B ranked 1000th among all the chemistry candidates. It is neither scientific nor fair to simply add up their scores in all subjects and count them in the college entrance examination. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the original scores of different subjects into grade scores according to certain rules. After the conversion, the queuing order of candidates’ selected subjects remains unchanged, which also solves the problem that the original scores of selected subjects are not comparable.

　　Yu Han, an expert of the National Education Examination Steering CommitteeThis time, it should be said that the allocation scheme of eight provinces has made such a design arrangement according to local conditions on the basis of the previous pilot. The scoring scheme of each province is designed according to local conditions by combining the distribution of candidates, teaching situation and actual examination situation in this province.

　　English test time and frequency have been adjusted.

　　In addition, eight provinces and cities have also adjusted the time and frequency of foreign language examinations accordingly. Six provinces and cities, including Hebei, Liaoning, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing, only organize one foreign language listening and written examination in June, and then implement the foreign language examination twice a year when conditions are ripe. Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province organized a written foreign language test in June, while the foreign language listening and speaking test will be put on weekdays and implemented by computer.

　　Why do you choose physics and history as your preferred subjects?

　　From the "3+1+2" model published by eight provinces and cities, the preferred subjects require that candidates must choose one of the physics and history subjects in the high school level examination, so why should physics and history be the preferred subjects?

　　Experts believe that in the training of talents in colleges and universities, physics is the basic subject of natural science majors, and history is the basic subject of humanities and social sciences majors. Studying physics or history subjects in high school is an important foundation for studying natural science majors, humanities and social sciences majors and related interdisciplinary majors in university. Therefore, taking these two subjects as the first choice is conducive to the cultivation of students in related majors in colleges and universities.

　　Yu Han, an expert of the National Education Examination Steering CommitteeOn the basis of giving students sufficient academic choices, we also take into account the selection of subjects in colleges and universities and the selection of materials in the country. According to our statistics, colleges and universities now have more than 40% enrollment majors and enrollment places, which requires students to take physics courses. After this 3+1+2 adjustment, the number of students taking physics courses can be effectively guaranteed to meet the basic needs of colleges and universities, and of course, it can also meet the basic needs of cultivating future talents in our country, and also avoid the emergence of such problems as unbalanced physics courses.

　　Volunteer reporting adopts the mode of "major (category)+college"

　　The reporter found out that eight provinces and cities have made it clear in their implementation plans that colleges and universities will compile their enrollment plans in two categories: physics and history. At the time of admission, candidates who choose physics and candidates who choose history will also queue up for admission in two sequences. Candidates in Hebei, Liaoning, Chongqing and other provinces and cities take the mode of "major (category)+college", that is, one college and one enrollment major (category) is a volunteer, and the admission mode of parallel volunteer is implemented.

　　Fan Shaobin, Vice President of Guangdong Education Examinations InstituteTherefore, from this piece, the satisfaction of candidates’ volunteers should be higher in the future. The other is conducive to breaking the status quo of fractional theory. That is, we may have several professional groups in a school in the future. In the future, different professional groups should have different scores.

　　Guide the reform of high school education mode

　　The examination enrollment system is a national basic education system, and the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination is a major reform in the field of education, which will inevitably have a far-reaching impact on the current high school education and even the whole education. What changes will there be in the future?

　　Clearly carry out the teaching of selecting courses and leaving classes

　　In the reform plan of college entrance examination announced by eight provinces and cities, it is found that there are clear arrangements for how to carry out the teaching of selecting courses and taking classes. For example, schools should not occupy the hours of other non-selected subjects in order to increase the hours of selecting subjects; Explore the requirements of school teaching management system that is suitable for the teaching of selecting courses and moving classes.

　　Zhong Binglin, President of China Education Association.The comprehensive reform plan of college entrance examination in eight provinces and cities embodies a characteristic, that is to say, it continues to maintain the basic value orientation of college entrance examination reform, such as guiding students’ all-round development, respecting students’ choices, scientifically selecting talents and promoting educational fairness, including students’ course selection and comprehensive quality evaluation, which reflects the development of respecting students’ personalities and interests and giving them more choices.

　　At the same time, experts also pointed out that the distribution of educational resources in China is uneven, and the eight provinces that implement the new plan also need to study and introduce relevant supporting measures.

　　Zhong Binglin, President of China Education Association.For example, in strengthening the overall planning at the provincial level, all government departments should have a coordinated mechanism, especially to increase investment in high school education, solve the problem of large class size and structural shortage of teachers in high schools, and ensure the full allocation of educational resources in this respect. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the linkage between teaching and examination, and realize the unification of the new college entrance examination, new curriculum standards and new textbooks in combination with the actual situation in various places. At the same time, I think we should pay attention to promoting the convergence between middle and high schools, that is, colleges and high schools, higher education and basic education, and strengthen cooperation, including strengthening the linkage between enrollment and training, and jointly exploring how the comprehensive quality evaluation results can be applied scientifically and effectively.