Editor’s note:The harm of heart disease has long been known to people, but many people don’t understand its symptoms. In this issue, Xiao Bian talks with you about what symptoms are heart disease and how to correctly judge them. What fruits do you often eat to promote heart health?

　　What symptom shows that the heart is not good?

　　Have the symptoms of chest tightness, palpitation and chest pain, is it a heart disease?

　　Not necessarily. The common symptoms of heart disease include chest tightness, palpitation and chest pain, but the appearance of these symptoms does not mean that it is a heart disease, but it may also be caused by the imbalance of nerve function regulation. In addition, chest tightness and palpitation can also occur during strenuous exercise and overwork, but what needs to be distinguished is that chest tightness and palpitation caused by non-cardiac organic lesions will not last long, and may improve after rest, while heart patients will aggravate discomfort when they have a large amount of activity. Therefore, it is suggested that, to be on the safe side, people with this symptom should go to the hospital for further diagnosis to determine whether there is heart disease.

　　Clinically, we often see the symptoms of heart disease caused by neurosis, that is to say, after examination, patients have no organic lesions in their hearts, but they always feel very flustered, or their chest is stuffy, uncomfortable and difficult to breathe, which is more common in women. This is due to the influence of anxiety, tension, emotional excitement, mental trauma and other factors, the process of excitation and inhibition of the central nervous system of the human body is hindered, and the cardiovascular system regulated by autonomic nerves is also disordered, causing a series of symptoms of excessive sympathetic nerve tension. Such people should learn to decompress, relax and exercise moderately, and should be treated with psychotherapy when necessary.

　　Some young people often have a rapid heartbeat. Is this a sign of heart disease?

　　Most young people who have this situation may not have heart disease, especially young women. In addition, people without basic diseases may have an accelerated heartbeat after mood swings, nervousness, fright, exercise, excessive smoking and drinking. If these symptoms appear under the above conditions, don’t worry too much. However, if the heart rate is too fast, it is definitely not good. If the adult’s heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute, even if it is tachycardia, it will easily increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we should learn to control our emotions, exercise moderately, quit smoking and limit alcohol.

　　My heart often thumps, and I feel like I have stopped jumping. Is this a heart attack?

　　This problem should be paid attention to, and it may be premature beats. The incidence of premature beats is very high, which can occur in healthy people and people with heart diseases. The factors such as mental stress, drinking, drinking coffee and poor sleep are the inducement. Premature beats can be divided into benign and malignant. Premature beats without heart disease are benign. If the symptoms are not obvious and have no impact on life, there is no need to treat them. However, if it is premature beats caused by coronary heart disease and hypertension, we should pay enough attention to it. Therefore, if you find premature beats, you should go to the hospital and let the doctor check whether there is a basic heart disease.

　　What symptoms should be suspected of heart disease?

　　There are many manifestations of heart disease. For example, patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris may have atypical angina pectoris such as stomachache, abdominal pain, dizziness and abdominal distension, in addition to chest tightness, heartache, palpitation, shortness of breath and tightness of throat. Pain, edema, etc. in both lower limbs may also be manifestations of heart failure. It is best to go to the hospital immediately in order to find the condition in time.

　　14 kinds of fruits are the most heart-protecting.

　　The website "US News and World Report" summarizes 14 kinds of fruits that can promote heart health.

　　1. pears. A medium-sized pear can provide 30% more soluble dietary fiber than an apple of the same size, which helps to reduce the cholesterol content in the body. It is recommended to eat the peel together after washing, and peeling will lose half of the dietary fiber.

　　2. Apricot. Apricot is rich in antioxidant vitamin C, which helps to prevent chronic diseases, such as cancer and heart disease. Moreover, apricot is bright orange yellow because it contains β Carotene, which can be converted into vitamin A in human body, plays an important role in protecting eyesight, maintaining skin integrity, resisting infection, enhancing immunity and nerve development.

　　3. bananas. The dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin C and vitamin B6 contained in bananas work together to ensure that the heart is in the best working condition.

　　4. Lemon. Lemon is rich in vitamin C, which is good for immune system, intestine and heart health. The pectin it contains can not only prolong satiety, but also reduce cholesterol in the body.

　　5. peaches. Peach contains a lot of vitamin C, which helps to eliminate free radicals and promote the normal work of the body’s defense system. It contains phenolic compounds with biological activity and can promote the body to fight inflammation. The high dietary fiber content in peaches helps to reduce the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, thus playing a role in preventing cardiovascular diseases.

　　6. citrus. Citrus is the source of high-quality vitamin C. The calorie of a citrus is only 35 kilocalories, but it can meet 40% of the daily demand for vitamin C..

　　7. avocado. Avocado is rich in potassium, which can help the heart beat normally, regulate blood pressure and promote muscle contraction. This nutrient can also maintain the normal functioning of body cells and reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and renal failure.

　　8. plums. This purple-skinned fruit has a high content of polyphenols, which is an anti-inflammatory antioxidant. The dietary fiber content of plums is also high. Proper consumption can help reduce the cholesterol content in the body, regulate the intestinal function and lose weight.

　　9. Nectarine. Nectarine is rich in vitamin C and vitamin E, which can be used as antioxidants to fight free radicals and avoid cell damage. Nectarine also contains copper and potassium, which has a good effect on keeping blood pressure stable and maintaining mineral balance in the body.

　　10. Persimmons. Persimmon is rich in vitamin A and dietary fiber, which is good for heart health.

　　11. Watermelon. A study by Florida State University found that eating watermelon for overweight people can lower blood pressure, thus reducing the risk of heart attack. Citrulline and arginine in watermelon are beneficial to vasodilation, which helps to regulate blood pressure. In addition, a Spanish study found that drinking watermelon juice before exercise can quickly eliminate lactic acid and relieve muscle soreness after exercise.

　　12. Blueberries. Eating blueberries has been proved to prevent the formation of inflammatory molecules in the body. It contains anthocyanins, which can reduce oxidative stress and help protect DNA from the growth of malignant cells.

　　13. cherries. Cherry is relatively low in calories and contains a lot of nutrients, such as dietary fiber, vitamin C, carotenoids and potassium. Studies have shown that eating cherries can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

　　14. apples. Cornell University research found that eating apples can reduce the risk of thrombosis and stroke. In order to obtain the maximum health effect, it is best to eat apples with skin after washing.

　　Ten habits make the heart healthier.

　　Improving diet and strengthening exercise are recognized as effective ways to protect the heart. But more and more research shows that there are many small ways to protect heart health besides eating and moving.

　　1. hug. Studies have shown that snuggling with your lover can release oxytocin, a hormone that helps lower blood pressure and release stress.

　　2. laugh. Laughter can stimulate blood vessels to dilate, up to 22%, thus enhancing blood flow and lowering blood pressure.

　　3. Eat chocolate. Cocoa beans are rich in antioxidants, which can enhance the immune system function and help the body resist external harm.

　　4. keep a pet. The data shows that people who keep pets have relatively low blood pressure and lower risk of heart disease than those who don’t keep pets. This may be because people who have pets exercise more than people who don’t have pets.

　　5. Eat vegetarian food once a week. Eating less meat is one of the important measures to protect the heart. Studies show that a proper vegetarian diet can reduce the risk of heart disease by 32%. It is recommended to be vegetarian at least once a week.

　　Step 6 stand. Whether at work or at rest, we sit most of the day, which will increase the risk of heart disease to some extent. Standing up, taking a walk in the office, chatting with colleagues, or walking around every few hours can all improve heart health.

　　7. Maintain moderate sleep time. You need to get 7-8 hours of sleep every night. Studies have shown that sleeping too little will increase the risk of heart disease by 48%, while sleeping too much will increase the risk of heart disease by 38%.

　　8.caffeine. Drinking 1~3 cups of black coffee every day helps to stabilize the heart rate.

　　9. Stay away from noisy roads. Research shows that the risk of heart disease will increase by 12% for every 10 decibels of noise you are exposed to on the highway.

　　10. get married. The survey found that the hearts of married people are healthier than those of single people. For women, a stable marriage lasting for 10 years can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by 13%.

　　Go to the heart clinic with ten questions

　　What are the symptoms of heart disease? Most people know that chest pain and oppression are typical symptoms of heart disease, but there are also many atypical symptoms of the disease, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness and leg swelling. Moreover, there are differences in symptoms between male and female patients.

　　What tests should I do? Exercise test, imaging examination or other invasive examination are all helpful for doctors to know the condition in detail and make a definite diagnosis.

　　What is the ideal blood pressure? Hypertension can lead to heart attacks and other serious health problems, such as aneurysms, strokes and cognitive decline. For most adults, the optimal control range of blood pressure is below 120/80 mm Hg.

　　How much "bad" cholesterol should be controlled? Excess "bad" cholesterol will be deposited in blood vessels, which will increase the risk of heart disease, so it must be strictly controlled. Healthy adults should be below 3.4 mmol/L, and people with cardiovascular diseases should be controlled below 1.8~2.6 mmol/L.

　　Do I need to take aspirin every day? Medical experts at the Mayo Clinic said that taking low-dose aspirin every day under the guidance of a doctor can prevent platelets from sticking together to form clots and help prevent heart attacks. However, this treatment scheme is not suitable for everyone, which may increase the risk of bleeding for some people, and it can not prevent the healthy people.

　　What activities should I avoid doing? For people with healthy hearts, most exercise is harmless. However, if you have potentially serious diseases, such as cancer and arterial obstruction, it is recommended not to do aerobic exercise and strength training.

　　Will my family history affect my diagnosis? The risk factors and incidence probability of heart disease are closely related to family history and heredity. Therefore, patients should take the initiative to inform the doctor, which is helpful to accurately evaluate the disease.

　　Does personal medical history affect diagnosis? For cardiologists, it is important to know whether you have suspected symptoms of heart disease, such as fatigue, difficulty breathing when lying down, and rapid and irregular heartbeat. The patient must tell the expert about the major diseases he has suffered before or now, and provide detailed information: how long ago he fell ill, the duration, the drugs he took during this period, and what surgery he had.

　　What should I do to prevent and treat heart disease in my daily life? Although you can’t do anything about family history, there are some ways to reduce other risk factors of heart disease, such as controlling blood pressure, blood lipids, blood sugar, smoking ban and alcohol restriction.

　　Where can I learn about health science information? Patients can consult experts or read websites, newspapers and magazines with medical background, which can provide you with more reliable knowledge of disease prevention and treatment. (People’s Health Network Comprehensive from Life Times)

Skipping rope VS running, what are their advantages and disadvantages? Which sport should you choose to lose weight?

Skipping rope and running are very common aerobic exercises, which can help us lose weight, improve cardiopulmonary function and enhance physical fitness.

However, they are also different in many ways.Next, let’s discuss the advantages and disadvantages of skipping rope and running, and how to make a decision when choosing a weight loss exercise.

First, let’s look at the advantages of skipping rope:

1. Skipping rope is a very convenient and flexible sport. You don’t need too much space. You only need a rope to start exercising anytime and anywhere.

2, skipping rope can exercise the whole body muscle groups, including arms, abdomen, legs and other parts, which helps to improve the coordination and sensitivity of the body.

3. Sticking to skipping rope can also promote blood circulation, improve the body’s oxygen intake, effectively improve cardiopulmonary function and enhance the ability of the heart and lungs.

4, skipping exercise is more flexible, there are a variety of ways to play, which is more interesting, and can also help you lose weight and help you burn calories quickly.

However, skipping rope also has its disadvantages:

1. It may be difficult for some people, because it requires certain skills and balance.

2. Jumping rope requires higher vital capacity, and many novices can’t hold on for 2 minutes without panting.

3. When skipping rope, the knee needs to bear the pressure value of twice its own weight.

Next, let’s take a look at the advantages of running:

1. Running is a very low threshold aerobic exercise suitable for men, women and children. It can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function, enhance physical fitness and lose weight.

2. Running can promote metabolism, accelerate fat burning and burn calories. Jogging for 1 hour every day can help you improve obesity.

3, running can also increase bone density, promote calcium coefficient, but also enhance the strength and endurance of leg muscles, so that your lower limbs are more flexible and powerful.

However, the disadvantages of running are also obvious:

1. Outdoor running is easily affected by the venue and weather. When the weather is too cold, the desire to run will decrease, and rainy days will also affect the enthusiasm of running.

2. Running has a great impact on joints, and the knee needs to bear 2.5-3.5 times the weight, so it may be uncomfortable for some people.

Should you choose skipping rope or running?We should make a decision according to our physical condition, interests and goals.

If you want to burn calories quickly and improve your body’s agility and coordination, skipping rope may be a better choice. If you have poor physical endurance, no sports experience and want to lose weight, then running may be more suitable for you.

No matter which sport you choose, you should pay attention to gradually increasing the intensity and time of exercise to avoid injury. At the same time, we should also pay attention to reasonable diet and rest to get the best exercise effect.

　　The third batch of reform provinces released the college entrance examination reform plan, which was implemented by the students who entered senior one last fall.

　　CCTV News:Yesterday, the third batch of eight provinces in China started the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination — — Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Chongqing have issued implementation plans, which will be implemented from the first-year high school students who entered school in the fall of 2018. What are the highlights of the plans announced by the eight provinces and cities this time? Let’s take a look.

　　All eight provinces and cities were adjusted to "3+1+2" mode.

　　According to the announced implementation plan, eight provinces and cities will implement the "3+1+2" model. That is, "3" is the national unified examination subject Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages, which all students must take; "1" is the preferred subject, and candidates must choose one of the physics and history subjects in the high school level examination; "2" is a re-selected subject, and candidates can choose two of the four subjects of chemistry, biology, ideology and politics and geography.

　　The full score of each selected subject is 100 points.

　　From 2021, the total scores of new college entrance examination candidates in 8 provinces and cities are composed of unified college entrance examination subjects and academic level examination subjects, with a perfect score of 750 points. Among them, the original scores of unified college entrance examination subjects such as Chinese, mathematics and foreign language use are included in the total score of candidates, with a perfect score of 150 points for each subject. In the selected subjects, the original scores of physics or history are included in the total scores of candidates, with a perfect score of 100 points for each subject; The two subjects independently selected by candidates in ideological politics, geography, chemistry and biology will be included in the total score of candidates after being graded, with a perfect score of 100 points for each subject.

　　How to assign points to selected subjects?

　　For example, candidate A chose ideological and political education and candidate B chose chemistry, both of which scored 80 points. Candidate A ranked 100th among all the ideological and political education candidates, and candidate B ranked 1000th among all the chemistry candidates. It is neither scientific nor fair to simply add up their scores in all subjects and count them in the college entrance examination. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the original scores of different subjects into grade scores according to certain rules. After the conversion, the queuing order of candidates’ selected subjects remains unchanged, which also solves the problem that the original scores of selected subjects are not comparable.

　　Yu Han, an expert of the National Education Examination Steering CommitteeThis time, it should be said that the allocation scheme of eight provinces has made such a design arrangement according to local conditions on the basis of the previous pilot. The scoring scheme of each province is designed according to local conditions by combining the distribution of candidates, teaching situation and actual examination situation in this province.

　　English test time and frequency have been adjusted.

　　In addition, eight provinces and cities have also adjusted the time and frequency of foreign language examinations accordingly. Six provinces and cities, including Hebei, Liaoning, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing, only organize one foreign language listening and written examination in June, and then implement the foreign language examination twice a year when conditions are ripe. Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province organized a written foreign language test in June, while the foreign language listening and speaking test will be put on weekdays and implemented by computer.

　　Why do you choose physics and history as your preferred subjects?

　　From the "3+1+2" model published by eight provinces and cities, the preferred subjects require that candidates must choose one of the physics and history subjects in the high school level examination, so why should physics and history be the preferred subjects?

　　Experts believe that in the training of talents in colleges and universities, physics is the basic subject of natural science majors, and history is the basic subject of humanities and social sciences majors. Studying physics or history subjects in high school is an important foundation for studying natural science majors, humanities and social sciences majors and related interdisciplinary majors in university. Therefore, taking these two subjects as the first choice is conducive to the cultivation of students in related majors in colleges and universities.

　　Yu Han, an expert of the National Education Examination Steering CommitteeOn the basis of giving students sufficient academic choices, we also take into account the selection of subjects in colleges and universities and the selection of materials in the country. According to our statistics, colleges and universities now have more than 40% enrollment majors and enrollment places, which requires students to take physics courses. After this 3+1+2 adjustment, the number of students taking physics courses can be effectively guaranteed to meet the basic needs of colleges and universities, and of course, it can also meet the basic needs of cultivating future talents in our country, and also avoid the emergence of such problems as unbalanced physics courses.

　　Volunteer reporting adopts the mode of "major (category)+college"

　　The reporter found out that eight provinces and cities have made it clear in their implementation plans that colleges and universities will compile their enrollment plans in two categories: physics and history. At the time of admission, candidates who choose physics and candidates who choose history will also queue up for admission in two sequences. Candidates in Hebei, Liaoning, Chongqing and other provinces and cities take the mode of "major (category)+college", that is, one college and one enrollment major (category) is a volunteer, and the admission mode of parallel volunteer is implemented.

　　Fan Shaobin, Vice President of Guangdong Education Examinations InstituteTherefore, from this piece, the satisfaction of candidates’ volunteers should be higher in the future. The other is conducive to breaking the status quo of fractional theory. That is, we may have several professional groups in a school in the future. In the future, different professional groups should have different scores.

　　Guide the reform of high school education mode

　　The examination enrollment system is a national basic education system, and the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination is a major reform in the field of education, which will inevitably have a far-reaching impact on the current high school education and even the whole education. What changes will there be in the future?

　　Clearly carry out the teaching of selecting courses and leaving classes

　　In the reform plan of college entrance examination announced by eight provinces and cities, it is found that there are clear arrangements for how to carry out the teaching of selecting courses and taking classes. For example, schools should not occupy the hours of other non-selected subjects in order to increase the hours of selecting subjects; Explore the requirements of school teaching management system that is suitable for the teaching of selecting courses and moving classes.

　　Zhong Binglin, President of China Education Association.The comprehensive reform plan of college entrance examination in eight provinces and cities embodies a characteristic, that is to say, it continues to maintain the basic value orientation of college entrance examination reform, such as guiding students’ all-round development, respecting students’ choices, scientifically selecting talents and promoting educational fairness, including students’ course selection and comprehensive quality evaluation, which reflects the development of respecting students’ personalities and interests and giving them more choices.

　　At the same time, experts also pointed out that the distribution of educational resources in China is uneven, and the eight provinces that implement the new plan also need to study and introduce relevant supporting measures.

　　Zhong Binglin, President of China Education Association.For example, in strengthening the overall planning at the provincial level, all government departments should have a coordinated mechanism, especially to increase investment in high school education, solve the problem of large class size and structural shortage of teachers in high schools, and ensure the full allocation of educational resources in this respect. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the linkage between teaching and examination, and realize the unification of the new college entrance examination, new curriculum standards and new textbooks in combination with the actual situation in various places. At the same time, I think we should pay attention to promoting the convergence between middle and high schools, that is, colleges and high schools, higher education and basic education, and strengthen cooperation, including strengthening the linkage between enrollment and training, and jointly exploring how the comprehensive quality evaluation results can be applied scientifically and effectively.